刚刚过去的这个假期里,有一些家长向我推荐,或是向我咨询有关儿童“感觉统合失调”的训练问题。实际上,我对儿童“感觉统合失调”问题并不了解。虽然,我几年前参观过这方面的一些实践活动,看过以后,有不少疑惑。也曾经请教过一些专家,他们似乎对这方面也不很热情,认为是某些少数专家从台湾引入的,没想到这几年“感觉统合失调”的训练活动越来越火。不懂就学,好在现在是知识社会,可以方便地获取信息来进行终身学习。我根据有关网站上给出的感觉统合失调训练理论创始人的名字Ayresa.J,用Google查了一下,得到的结果是:Results 1 - 10 of about 598 for Ayresa.J.
我好奇地用Sensory Integration Theory 作为关键词,再用Google查了一下,得到了一百四十多万条结果。Results 1 - 10 of about 1,440,000 for SensoryIntegrationTheory前面几页显示的竟全是英文网站。原来这位在三十多年以前提出感觉统合失调理论的始祖名字被许多中国的培训者搞错了,她的名字不是Ayresa.J,而是A. Jean Ayres。
也不是所有的网站都错了,我用正确的姓名A. Jean Ayres查了一下全部文字和简体中文的结果:Results 1 - 10 of about 957,000 for A. Jean AyresResults 1 - 10 of about 459Chinese (Simplified) pages for A. Jean Ayres
于是,我想继续调研一下国外在感觉统合失调研究方面近期的发展情况。所以产生这样的想法,一方面是因为这个理论是A. Jean Ayres在三十多年以前提出的,对其他领域来说,也许三十多年不是一个很长的时期,但是对脑科学来说,特别是对基于脑科学进展的儿童早期发展研究来说,四十年就是一个很长的时期了,因为近二十年来这个领域发生了革命性的变革,我们必须了解这其间的发展和变化。另一方面的原因是,近几年在我做儿童早期发展的文献调研中,查阅过一些国外的主要网站,很少有继续使用A. JeanAyres感觉统合失调理论的,至少不是主流,但是在国内对此领域,主要是实际培训工作而不是研究工作,却越来越火.(待续)
UNESCO High Level Groupon Knowledge Acquisition and SharingKronberg, GermanyJune 2007Kronberg Declaration on theFuture of Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing
We, the members of a group of experts who met on 22 and 23 June 2007 inKronberg, Germany, at the invitation of UNESCO and the GermanCommission for UNESCO, with the generous sponsorship of BASF,discussed the future of Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing over the nexttwenty-five years:
Recognising
that:
Knowledge is the key to social and economic development;
Creation, acquisition and sharing of knowledge has been goingthrough dramatic changes because of rapidly emerging newinformation and communication technologies (ICT) and the societaltransformations that they generate;
New approaches are needed to bridge international knowledge gapswhile ensuring cultural and linguistic diversity;
The Internet and new education technologies provide manifoldopportunities for all;
There is a need to continuously harness new technologies andprocesses to develop knowledge societies that are people-centred,inclusive and development oriented;
Affirming
the continued value of many findings included in the Report of theInternational Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century “Learning:The Treasure Within” (1996);
Referring
in particular to its observation that “the progress of the newinformation and communication technologies should give rise to a generaldeliberation on access to knowledge in the world of tomorrow”, which hascontinued to nourish international debate especially at the World Summit onthe Information Society (WSIS);
Having identified
the major strategic areas which should be addressed toshape the political and structural changes that are needed to improveknowledge acquisition and sharing, including:
The impact of technology on the evolution of knowledge societies;
The concept of universal "knowledge norms”1;
The impact of emerging technologies on models of knowledgeacquisition;
The future role of classical knowledge acquisition structures includingthose of teachers/trainers;
The role of the public-private partnerships in knowledge acquisitionand sharing;Anticipating that over the next twenty-five years
: Knowledge acquisition and sharing will increasingly be technologymediated (e.g. online), and thus traditional educational processes willbe revolutionized and new knowledge communities will be formed.
Leaders in the public and private sectors must embrace change inorganizations and people by providing opportunities and incentives tofacilitate and motivate, as well as to overcome typical barriers inknowledge acquisition and sharing;
Knowledge acquisition and sharing institutions will have to focus moreclosely on the development of social and emotional abilities and skills,and to come to a wider, value-based concept of education;
The importance of acquiring factual knowledge will decrease whereasthe ability to find one’s way in complex systems and to find, judge,organize and creatively use relevant information, as well as thecapability to learn, will become crucially important;
The importance of the role of teachers as instructors will decreasewhile their role as facilitators, consultants, guides and coaches forlearners, as role models and as validators and interpreters ofknowledge sharing, creation and acquisition will increase;
Continuous professional development of teachers to assume theiremerging new roles will be demanded, including the effective use ofnew technologies;
Learners will play an ever more active role in knowledge acquisitionand sharing, including in content creation and dissemination;
A mix of learning and social spaces including (a) traditional schools forproviding core values and social competencies and (b) online learningcommunities, especially communities of practices, will remain importantto address more specific challenges;
Face-to-face knowledge acquisition settings will remain vital assocializing environments especially in early childhood and in primaryand secondary education; and ICT enabled learning will become morerelevant in post-secondary and higher education settings and in lifelonglearning;1 The term “Knowledge Norms” is an abstract notion referring to assessment and certification models for measuringcompetence in various areas of skills and knowledge.
The private sector will play an increasingly important role as anaccelerator of technology development, usage models and efficiency inthe area of knowledge acquisition and sharing and as a contributingpartner in standard-setting for content creation, packaging,dissemination and utilization tools;
Knowledge acquisition and sharing will be increasingly tailor-made,including the liberalization of certification processes, taking bothacquired codified and tacit knowledge into consideration;
Global efforts related to Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) aswell as Open Educational Resources (OER) will play a more profoundrole in knowledge sharing;
Open access to and free flow of content, as well as participation in thecreation of this content, will be of crucial importance for equitableknowledge acquisition and sharing.
Stress the need to:
a) Develop long-term strategies to efficiently harness the enormouspotential of new communication and information processes andtechnologies for developing new approaches to knowledge acquisitionand sharing;
b) Ensure that these strategies embrace the needs of developingcountries, thereby diminishing the growing digital divide;
c) Integrate these strategies into forward-looking and sustainablepolicymaking;
d) Invite all stakeholders, including the private sector, academia and usercommunities from various age groups and with different culturalbackgrounds to participate in the development of these strategies;
e) Establish efficient multistakeholder partnerships to provide sustained,long-term real solutions for ICT application in knowledge acquisitionand sharing;
f) Provide opportunities for all to participate in networked social learning,which is locally and globally relevant, which values tacit knowledgeand enhances informal learning;
g) Promote user-friendly ICT applications to make knowledge acquisitionand sharing available to everybody anywhere and anytime;
h) Support open access to and free flow of content through thedevelopment of open standards, open data structures, andstandardized info-structures, as well as other elements of cyberinfrastructurenecessary to support individual learners around theglobe;
i) Enable the creation of open content by practitioners in the developingworld, and generally ensure the development of culturally sensitivecontent;Kronberg DeclarationPage 4/4
k) Preserve mother-tongue languages while encouraging competenciesin one or more global languages;
l) Develop new and creative business models to support the sustainedcreation and dissemination of high quality content;
m) Adapt educational assessment to the requirements of a globalizedworld, taking into account migration and brain-drain issues;
n) Redefine the goals and mechanisms of assessment, to embrace thefour pillars of learning: “learning to know, learning to do, learning tolive together and learning to be“;
o) Ensure long-term and sustained availability of digital content andinteroperability of e-education and e-training systems on the globallevel as crucial elements of knowledge acquisition and sharing;
Recommend
a) Continued reflection at the expert level in an international setting;
b) Establishment of a multistakeholder Task Force on Harnessing thePotential of ICT for Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing (to be called“Vision 2025”);
c) Preparation of a report outlining long-term strategies to the Director-General of UNESCO for potential presentation to the 35th session ofthe General Conference of UNESCO (October 2009);
d) Presentation of this report for discussion to the multistakeholdercommunity (e.g. through the establishment of online collaborationspaces and the organization of an international expertsymposium/conference).
e) Linkage of further reflection on these issues to the ongoing workregarding the follow-up and implementation of the outcomes of theWorld Summit on the Information Society.